Expressed consent is provided by an adult who is

• A. Alert and consents
• B. Unconscious
• C. Not competent
• D. Declines

Answer: (A)

Expressed consent means explicit permission given by a patient who is capable of understanding the situation. An adult who is alert and consents demonstrates they understand the treatment and agree to it voluntarily, which is why this option fits best. If the patient is unconscious or not competent, they cannot provide expressed consent, so you rely on implied consent to treat in an emergency. If a patient declines, their wishes must be respected. Written or verbal confirmation from a capable patient is the hallmark of expressed consent.